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  IO-01-File类
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      <h1 id="IO-File类"><a href="#IO-File类" class="headerlink" title="IO-File类"></a>IO-File类</h1><p><strong>File 类： 文件和目录路径名的抽象表示。</strong></p>
<p><strong>注意：File类只能操作文件的属性，文件的内容是不能操作的。</strong></p>
<a id="more"></a>



<h2 id="1-字段"><a href="#1-字段" class="headerlink" title="1. 字段"></a>1. 字段</h2><p><img src="http://zhuuu-bucket.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/20200503/162607006.png" alt="mark"></p>
<p>我们知道，各个平台之间的路径分隔符是不一样的。</p>
<ul>
<li>对于UNIX平台，绝对路径名的前缀始终是”/“。相对路径名没有前缀。表示跟目目录的抽象路径名具有前缀”/“和空名称序列。</li>
<li>对于Microsoft Windows平台，包含驱动器说明符的路径名的前缀由后面跟着<code>&quot;:&quot;</code>的驱动器号组成，如果路径名是绝对的，则可能后跟<code>&quot;\\&quot;</code> 。NC路径名的前缀为<code>&quot;\\\\&quot;</code> ; 主机名和共享名称是名称序列中的前两个名称。没有有指定驱动器的相对路径名没有前缀。</li>
</ul>
<p>那么为了屏蔽各个平台之间的分隔符差异，我们在构造File类的时候（如何构造，请看下面第二点），就可以使用上述Java为我们提供的字段。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">System.out.println(File.pathSeparator); <span class="comment">// 输出 ;</span></span><br><span class="line">System.out.println(File.separator);  <span class="comment">// 输出 \</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong>File.pathSeparator : 用来分割连续多个路径字符串的分隔符</strong></li>
<li><strong>File.separator: 用来分割同一个路径字符串中的目录</strong></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="2-构造方法"><a href="#2-构造方法" class="headerlink" title="2. 构造方法"></a>2. 构造方法</h2><p><img src="http://zhuuu-bucket.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/20200503/163225396.png" alt="mark"></p>
<p>如何使用上述构造方法，请看如下例子：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//不使用 Java 提供的分隔符字段，注意：这样写只能在 Windows 平台有效</span></span><br><span class="line">        File f1 = <span class="keyword">new</span> File(<span class="string">"D:\\IO\\a.txt"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//使用 Java 提供的分隔符</span></span><br><span class="line">        File f2 = <span class="keyword">new</span> File(<span class="string">"D:"</span>+File.separator+<span class="string">"IO"</span>+File.separator+<span class="string">"a.txt"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(f1);<span class="comment">//输出 D:\IO\a.txt  </span></span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(f2);<span class="comment">//输出 D:\IO\a.txt</span></span><br><span class="line">         </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//File(File parent, String child)</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//从父抽象路径名和子路径名字符串创建新的 File实例。</span></span><br><span class="line">        File f3 = <span class="keyword">new</span> File(<span class="string">"D:"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        File f4 = <span class="keyword">new</span> File(f3,<span class="string">"IO"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(f4); <span class="comment">//D:\IO</span></span><br><span class="line">         </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//File(String pathname)</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//通过将给定的路径名字符串转换为抽象路径名来创建新的 File实例。</span></span><br><span class="line">        File f5 = <span class="keyword">new</span> File(<span class="string">"D:"</span>+File.separator+<span class="string">"IO"</span>+File.separator+<span class="string">"a.txt"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(f5); <span class="comment">//D:\IO\a.txt</span></span><br><span class="line">         </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//File(String parent, String child)</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//从父路径名字符串和子路径名字符串创建新的 File实例。</span></span><br><span class="line">        File f6 = <span class="keyword">new</span> File(<span class="string">"D:"</span>,<span class="string">"IO\\a.txt"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(f6); <span class="comment">//D:\IO\a.txt</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h2 id="3-常用方法"><a href="#3-常用方法" class="headerlink" title="3. 常用方法"></a>3. 常用方法</h2><h3 id="3-1-创建方法"><a href="#3-1-创建方法" class="headerlink" title="3.1 创建方法"></a>3.1 创建方法</h3><ul>
<li>boolean createNewFile()  ： 不存在返回true,存在返回false。</li>
<li>boolean mkdir() 创建目录，如果上一级目录不存在，则会创建失败</li>
<li>boolean mkdirs() 创建多级目录，如果上一级目录不存在也会自动创建</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3-2-删除方法"><a href="#3-2-删除方法" class="headerlink" title="3.2 删除方法"></a>3.2 删除方法</h3><ul>
<li>boolean delete() 删除文件或目录，如果表示目录，则目录下必须为空才能删除</li>
<li>boolean deleteOnExit() 文件使用完成后删除</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3-3-判断方法"><a href="#3-3-判断方法" class="headerlink" title="3.3 判断方法"></a>3.3 判断方法</h3><ul>
<li>boolean canExecute()判断文件是否可执行</li>
<li>boolean canRead()判断文件是否可读</li>
<li>boolean canWrite() 判断文件是否可写</li>
<li>boolean exists() 判断文件或目录是否存在</li>
<li>boolean isDirectory()  判断此路径是否为一个目录</li>
<li>boolean isFile()　　判断是否为一个文件</li>
<li>boolean isHidden()　　判断是否为隐藏文件</li>
<li>boolean isAbsolute()判断是否是绝对路径 文件不存在也能判断</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3-4-获取方法"><a href="#3-4-获取方法" class="headerlink" title="3.4 获取方法"></a>3.4 获取方法</h3><ul>
<li>String getName() 获取此路径表示的文件或目录名称</li>
<li>String getPath() 将此路径名转换为路径名字符串</li>
<li>String getAbsolutePath() 返回此抽象路径名的绝对形式</li>
<li>String getParent()//如果没有父目录返回null</li>
<li>long lastModified()//获取最后一次修改的时间</li>
<li>long length() 返回由此抽象路径名表示的文件的长度。</li>
<li>boolean renameTo(File f) 重命名由此抽象路径名表示的文件。</li>
<li>File[] liseRoots()//获取机器盘符</li>
<li>String[] list()  返回一个字符串数组，命名由此抽象路径名表示的目录中的文件和目录。</li>
<li>String[] list(FilenameFilter filter) 返回一个字符串数组，命名由此抽象路径名表示的目录中满足指定过滤器的文件和目录。</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//File(File parent, String child)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//从父抽象路径名和子路径名字符串创建新的 File实例。</span></span><br><span class="line">    File dir = <span class="keyword">new</span> File(<span class="string">"D:"</span> + File.separator + <span class="string">"IO"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    File file = <span class="keyword">new</span> File(dir, <span class="string">"a.txt"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 判断dir是否存在且表示一个目录</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!(dir.exists()||dir.isDirectory()))&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//如果 dir 不存在，则创建这个目录</span></span><br><span class="line">        dir.mkdirs();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//根据目录和文件名，创建 a.txt文件</span></span><br><span class="line">        file.createNewFile();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 返回由此抽象路径名表示的文件或目录的名称。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 这只是路径名称序列中的最后一个名字。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 如果路径名的名称序列为空，则返回空字符串。</span></span><br><span class="line">    System.out.println(file.getName());  <span class="comment">// a.txt</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 返回此抽象路径名的父路径名字符串，</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 如果此路径名未命名为父目录，则返回null。</span></span><br><span class="line">    System.out.println(file.getParent()); <span class="comment">// D:\IO</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//将此抽象路径名转换为路径名字符串。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 结果字符串使用default name-separator character以名称顺序分隔名称。</span></span><br><span class="line">    System.out.println(file.getPath());  <span class="comment">// D:\IO\a.txt</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h2 id="4-File-类的小技巧"><a href="#4-File-类的小技巧" class="headerlink" title="4. File 类的小技巧"></a>4. File 类的小技巧</h2><ul>
<li><strong>打印给定目录下的所有文件夹和文件夹里面的内容</strong></li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">getFileList</span><span class="params">(File file)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 第一级子目录</span></span><br><span class="line">    File[] files = file.listFiles();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (File f : files) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 打印目录和文件</span></span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(f);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 递归打印目录和文件名</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (f.isDirectory())&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            getFileList(f);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


      
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